Building Failures - Diagnosis and Avoidance

Building Failures - Diagnosis and Avoidance

Contents

1     Introduction     

2     Agencies causing deterioration      

2.1     Solar radiation      

2.2     Moisture      

2.3     Biological agencies    

2.4     Gaseous constituents and pollutants of air    

2.5     Ground salts and waters   

2.6     Manufactured products   

2.7     Juxtaposition of materials and components    

3     Durability of materials    

3.1     Asbestos cement    

3.2     Asphalt and bitumen    

3.3     Bricks and tiles    

3.4     Cement and concrete    

3.5     Metals    

3.6     Glass   

3.7     Mortars and renderings    

3.8     Plastics    

3.9     Natural stone    

3.10     Timber    

3.11     Moisture movement 

4. Moisture    

4.1     Water entering during construction    

4.2     Ground water    

4.3     Rain and snow    

4.4     Moisture from human activities    

4.5     Condensation    

4.6     Avoidance of condensation    

5     Foundations    

5.1     Type and structure of the soil    

5.2     Interaction between soils and buildings    

5.3     Soil movement    

5.4     Fill    

6     Floors, floor finishes and DPMs    

6.1     Hardcore    

6.2     Damp-proofing of floors    

6.3     Concrete floors    

6.4     Magnesite flooring    

6.5     Timber flooring    

6.6     Clay floor tiles    

6.7     Plastic sheets and tiles    

7     Walls and DPCs    

7.1     Moisture penetration from the ground    

7.2     Rain penetration    

7.3     Cold bridges and interstitial condensation    

7.4     Cracking and spalling of masonry through movement           

7.5     Damage to walls by chemical attack    

7.6     Damage to walls by physical attack  

v7.7     Problems with renderings  

8     Cladding  

8.1     Differential movement  

8.2     Inaccuracies in construction  

8.3     Faults caused by movement and inaccuracy  

8.4     Sealants  

8.5     Fixing methods  

8.6     Prevention of loss of integrity in cladding  

8.7     Water entry  

9     Doors and windows  

9.1     Doors  

9.2     Windows  

9.3     Prevention of failure and remedial work  

10     Roofs  

10.1     Flat roofs  

10.2     Pitched roofs 

11     Services  

11.1     Heating installations  

11.2     Chimneys and flues  

11.3     Plumbing and drainage  

11.4     Electricity supply  

12     Failure patterns and control  

12.1     Cost and types of defect  

12.2     Causes  

12.3     Reasons for failure  

12.4     Problems of innovation  

12.5     Towards better control

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About Author:

I am Thomas Britto here to share my experiences in the civil engineering field to all my readers.Today many students are struggling to buy books at high prices. So I decided to start a blog and share my experience and knowledge with all my readers.

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