Estimating in Building Construction, 7th Edition
Estimating in Building Construction, 7th Edition
vii
CONTENTS
c h a p t e r 1
INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATING 1
1–1 General Introduction 1
1–2 Types of Estimates 2
Detailed Estimate 2
Assembly Estimating 2
Square-Foot Estimates 3
Parametric Estimates 3
Model Estimating 3
Project Comparison Estimates 4
1–3 Estimating Opportunities 4
1–4 The Estimator 6
1–5 Quantity Surveying 7
1–6 Types of Bids 7
1–7 Contract Documents 7
1–8 Bidding Information 8
1–9 Availability of Contract Documents 8
1–10 Sources of Estimating
Information 9
Web Resources 10
Review Questions 10
c h a p t e r 2
CONTRACTS, BONDS, AND INSURANCE 11
2–1 The Contract System 11
2–2 Types of Agreements 11
Lump-Sum Agreement (Stipulated Sum,
Fixed Price) 12
Unit-Price Agreement 12
Cost-Plus-Fee Agreements 13
2–3 Agreement Provisions 13
2–4 Bonds 14
Bid Bond 15
Performance Bond 15
Labor and Material Bond 15
2–5 Obtaining Bonds 15
2–6 Insurance 16
Web Resources 17
Review Questions 17
c h a p t e r 3
PROJECT MANUAL 18
3–1 Introduction 18
3–2 Construction Specifications
Institute 18
3–3 Invitation to Bid (Advertisement
for Bids) 21
3–4 Instruction to Bidders (Information
for Bidders) 22
3–5 Bid (Proposal) Forms 24
3–6 Form of Owner/Contractor
Agreement 24
3–7 General Conditions 24
3–8 Supplementary General
Conditions 24
3–9 Specifications 25
3–10 Alternates 253–11 Addenda 25
3–12 Errors in the Specifications 26
Web Resources 27
Review Questions 27
c h a p t e r 4
THE ESTIMATE 28
4–1 Organization 28
4–2 Planning the Estimate 28
4–3 Notebook 28
4–4 To Bid or Not to Bid 29
4–5 The Estimate 29
4–6 Site Investigation 31
4–7 Specialty Contractors 32
4–8 Materials 33
4–9 Workup Sheets 33
4–10 Summary Sheet 34
4–11 Errors and Omissions 36
Web Resources 37
Review Questions 37
c h a p t e r 5
COMPUTERS IN ESTIMATING 38
5–1 Overview 38
5–2 Benefits and Dangers of Computerized
Estimating 38
5–3 Spreadsheets 39
5–4 Specialized Estimating
Software 39
5–5 Takeoff Software 40
Web Resources 42
Review Questions 42
c h a p t e r 6
OVERHEAD AND CONTINGENCIES 43
6–1 Overhead 43
6–2 Home Office Overhead 43
6–3 Job Overhead (General Conditions,
Direct Overhead) 45
6–4 Scheduling 47
6–5 Contingencies 48
6–6 Checklist 48
Undistributed Labor 48
Temporary Buildings, Enclosures, and
Facilities 48
Temporary Office 49
Barricades and Signal Lights 49
Temporary Utilities 50
Repairs and Protection 50
Relocating Utilities 50
Cleaning 50
Permits 50
Professional Services 51
Labor Burdens and Taxes 51
Bonds and Insurance 51
Miscellaneous Equipment and
Services 51
Web Resources 51
Review Questions 51
c h a p t e r 7
LABOR 53
7–1 Labor Hours and
Productivity 53
7–2 Unions—Wages and Rules 56
7–3 Open Shop 57
7–4 Labor Burden 57
7–5 Pricing Labor 59
Web Resources 60
Review Questions 60
c h a p t e r 8
EQUIPMENT 61
8–1 General 61
8–2 Operating Costs 61
8–3 Depreciation 62
8–4 Interest 62
8–5 Ownership Costs 63
8–6 Rental Costs 64
8–7 Miscellaneous Tools 64
8–8 Cost Accounting 64
8–9 Mobilization 64
8–10 Checklist 65
Review Questions 65
viii CONTENTSc h a p t e r 9
EXCAVATION 66
9–1 General 66
9–2 Specifications 66
9–3 Soil 66
9–4 Calculating Excavation 66
9–5 Equipment 67
9–6 Earthwork—New Site Grades and
Rough Grading 67
Cross-Section Method 69
Average End Area 76
9–7 Perimeter and Area 78
9–8 Topsoil Removal 79
9–9 General Excavation 81
9–10 Special Excavation 85
9–11 Backfilling 85
9–12 Excess and Borrow 87
9–13 Spreading Topsoil, Finish
Grade 87
9–14 Landscaping 87
9–15 Pumping (Dewatering) 88
9–16 Rock Excavation 88
9–17 Subcontractors 88
9–18 Excavation Checklist 88
9–19 Piles 89
9–20 Pile Checklist 90
9–21 Asphalt Paving 90
Web Resources 91
Review Questions 91
c h a p t e r 10
CONCRETE 92
10–1 Concrete Work 92
10–2 Estimating Concrete 92
10–3 Reinforcing 100
10–4 Vapor Retarder 107
10–5 Accessories 108
10–6 Concrete Finishing 108
10–7 Curing 110
10–8 Transporting Concrete 111
10–9 Forms 111
10–10 Form Liners 113
10–11 Checklist 114
10–12 Precast Concrete 114
10–13 Specifications 115
10–14 Estimating 115
10–15 Precast Tees 116
10–16 Precast Slabs 116
10–17 Precast Beams and
Columns 117
10–18 Miscellaneous Precast 117
10–19 Precast Costs 117
10–20 Precast Checklist 118
Web Resources 118
Review Questions 118
c h a p t e r 11
MASONRY 119
11–1 General 119
11–2 Specifications 119
11–3 Labor 119
11–4 Bonds (Patterns) 119
11–5 Concrete Masonry 120
Concrete Block 120
11–6 Specifications—Concrete
Masonry 122
11–7 Estimating—Concrete Masonry 122
11–8 Clay Masonry 125
11–9 Specifications—Brick 125
11–10 Estimating Brick 126
11–11 Specifications—Tile 128
11–12 Estimating Tile 128
11–13 Stone Masonry 128
11–14 Specifications—Stone 128
11–15 Estimating Stone 128
11–16 Mortar 129
11–17 Accessories 129
11–18 Reinforcing Bars 133
11–19 Cleaning 133
11–20 Equipment 134
CONTENTS ix11–21 Cold Weather 134
11–22 Subcontractors 134
11–23 Checklist 135
Web Resources 135
Review Questions 135
c h a p t e r 12
METALS 136
12–1 General 136
12–2 Structural Metal 136
12–3 Structural Metal Framing 136
12–4 Metal Joists 138
12–5 Metal Decking 142
12–6 Miscellaneous Structural
Metal 143
12–7 Metal Erection Subcontractors 143
12–8 Miscellaneous Metals 143
12–9 Metal Checklist 144
Web Resources 144
Review Questions 144
c h a p t e r 13
WOOD 145
13–1 Frame Construction 145
13–2 Board Measure 145
13–3 Floor Framing 146
13–4 Wall Framing 156
Exterior Walls 156
Interior Walls 163
13–5 Ceiling Assembly 164
13–6 Roof Assembly 166
13–7 Trim 169
13–8 Labor 169
13–9 Wood Systems 170
13–10 Wood Trusses 170
13–11 Laminated Beams and
Arches 172
13–12 Wood Decking 172
13–13 Plywood Systems 173
13–14 Wood Checklist 173
Web Resources 174
Review Questions 174
c h a p t e r 14
THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION 175
14–1 Waterproofing 175
14–2 Membrane Waterproofing 175
14–3 Integral Method 176
14–4 Metallic Method 177
14–5 Dampproofing 177
14–6 Painting Method 177
14–7 Parging (Plastering) 178
14–8 Insulation 178
14–9 Roofing 180
14–10 Roof Areas 180
14–11 Shingles 181
Asphalt Shingles 181
Wood Shingles 181
14–12 Built-Up Roofing 182
14–13 Corrugated Sheets (Including
Ribbed, V-Beam) 183
14–14 Metal Roofing 183
14–15 Slate 183
14–16 Tile 183
14–17 Sheets, Tile, and Shingles
Formula 184
14–18 Liquid Roofing 184
14–19 Flashing 184
14–20 Insulation 184
14–21 Roofing Trim 184
14–22 Labor 185
14–23 Equipment 185
14–24 Checklist 185
Web Resources 185
Review Questions 185
c h a p t e r 15
DOORS AND WINDOWS 186
15–1 Window and Curtain Wall
Frames 186
15–2 Accessories 189
x CONTENTS15–3 Doors 190
15–4 Prefitting and Machining
(Premachining) Doors 192
15–5 Prefinishing Doors 192
15–6 Door Frames 193
15–7 Hardware 194
15–8 Accessories 194
15–9 Checklist for Doors and
Frames 194
15–10 Glass 194
Review Questions 195
c h a p t e r 16
FINISHES 196
16–1 Drywall and Wetwall
Construction 196
16–2 Supporting
Construction 196
16–3 Suspended Ceiling
Systems 199
16–4 Types of Assemblies 199
16–5 Wallboard Types 200
16–6 Drywall Partitions 201
16–7 Column Fireproofing 201
16–8 Accessories 201
16–9 Wetwall Construction 203
16–10 Plaster 204
16–11 Lath 205
16–12 Accessories 207
16–13 Drywall and Wetwall
Checklist 207
16–14 Flooring 207
Wood Flooring 207
Laminate Flooring 208
Resilient Flooring 208
Carpeting 210
Tile 211
16–15 Painting 211
16–16 Floors and Painting
Checklist 212
Web Resources 212
Review Questions 213
c h a p t e r 17
ELECTRICAL 214
17–1 Electrical Work 214
17–2 Single Contracts 214
17–3 Separate Contracts 215
17–4 Coordination Requirements 215
17–5 Checklist 215
Review Questions 217
c h a p t e r 18
PLUMBING 218
18–1 Plumbing Work 218
18–2 Single Contracts 218
18–3 Separate Contracts 220
18–4 Coordination Requirements 220
18–5 Checklist 220
Review Questions 220
c h a p t e r 19
HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR-
CONDITIONING 221
19–1 HVAC Work (Heating, Ventilating, and
Air-Conditioning) 221
19–2 Single Contracts 221
19–3 Separate Contracts 221
19–4 Coordination Requirements 221
19–5 Checklist 222
Review Questions 223
c h a p t e r 20
PROFIT 224
20–1 Profit 224
Review Questions 225
c h a p t e r 21
OTHER ESTIMATING METHODS 226
21–1 Overview 226
21–2 Project Comparison Method 226
21–3 Square-Foot Estimating 227
21–4 Assembly Estimating 230
Web Resources 232
Review Questions 232
CONTENTS xiAppendix A Drawings and Outline
Specifications for Small
Commercial Building 233
Appendix B Drawings and Outline
Specifications for Residential
Building Project 235
Appendix C Drawings and Outline
Specifications for Commercial
Building Project 236
Appendix D Common Terms Used in the
Building Industry 238
Appendix E Conversions 243
Appendix F Billy’s C-Store 245
Appendix G WinEst Software and
Spreadsheets 246
INDEX 261
xii CONTENTS
About Author:
I am Thomas Britto here to share my experiences in the civil engineering field to all my readers.Today many students are struggling to buy books at high prices. So I decided to start a blog and share my experience and knowledge with all my readers.
Let's Get Connected: Twitter | Facebook | Google Plus
No comments
Post a Comment